Beyond Calories: Roots and Tubers for Health Equity and Sustainable Development

Abstract

Introduction India faces a double burden of malnutrition persistent undernutrition alongside rising obesity and non-communicable diseases NCDs Addressing this requires nutrition-sensitive strategies aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals SDGs Despite their nutrient density and climate resilience roots and tubers remain underutilized in national nutrition interventions Methods This study conducted a comprehensive literature review and secondary data analysis using the Indian Food Composition Tables IFCT 2017 and national health surveys Nutrient profiling evaluated macronutrients micronutrients vitamins minerals carotenoids amino acids and bioactive compounds Functional contributions to metabolic health and chronic disease prevention were assessed Results Roots and tubers such as sweet potato yam beetroot carrot colocasia and lotus root are rich in complex carbohydrates dietary fiber B-complex and C vitamins iron calcium potassium and bioactives like -carotene lutein and polyphenols These properties support digestive and immune health regulate blood glucose and provide cardiovascular protection Discussion Incorporating roots and tubers into daily diets can address micronutrient deficiencies and reduce NCD risk Their low glycemic index and phytochemical content make them especially beneficial for diabetes and weight management However their exclusion from mainstream food policies and public nutrition programs limits their reach Conclusion Roots and tubers represent a sustainable nutrient-rich solution to India s complex nutrition challenges Their inclusion in dietary guidelines and public health programs should be prioritized by health professionals and policymakers to promote food security public health and climate resilience